{"id":10954,"date":"2026-06-19T14:31:26","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T11:31:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/altal.md\/?p=10954"},"modified":"2026-06-28T19:20:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T16:20:49","slug":"revenirea-uleiului-in-pompele-de-caldura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/revenirea-uleiului-in-pompele-de-caldura\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0438 | 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>Revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/povitrya-voda-split-dc-evi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(SPLIT<\/a><\/span> \u0456 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/povitrya-voda-premium-dc-evi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FULL SPLIT<\/a><\/span>: cauze, riscuri \u0219i solu\u021bii tehnice<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Revenirea uleiului \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/teplovye-nasosi-altal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0438<\/span><\/a><\/strong> este un aspect esen\u021bial pentru func\u021bionarea sigur\u0103 a sistemelor frigorifice <strong>(SPLIT<\/strong> \u0456 <strong>FULL SPLIT<\/strong>. \u00cen practic\u0103, circula\u021bia uleiului depinde de proiectarea corect\u0103 a instala\u021biei,\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"color: #000000; outline: 0px;\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/porsh.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11833 alignright\" style=\"margin: 0.5em 40px 0.5em 0px;\" src=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/porsh.webp\" alt=\"Revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103 SPLIT \u0219i FULL SPLIT 1\" width=\"276\" height=\"175\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/porsh.webp 500w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/porsh-300x190.webp 300w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/porsh-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/porsh-450x285.webp 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/> <\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">de viteza agentului frigorific \u0219i de configura\u021bia traseelor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dac\u0103 returul de ulei nu este asigurat, pot ap\u0103rea pierderi de eficien\u021b\u0103, zgomote, opriri de protec\u021bie \u0219i defectarea compresorului. Din acest motiv, controlul circula\u021biei uleiului \u00een circuitul frigorific este critic \u00eenc\u0103 din etapa de proiectare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Importan\u021ba circula\u021biei uleiului \u00een sistem<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uleiul are rol de lubrifiere a compresorului \u0219i circul\u0103 par\u021bial \u00eempreun\u0103 cu agentul frigorific. \u00cen func\u021bionare normal\u0103, acesta trebuie s\u0103 revin\u0103 constant \u00een carter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Problemele apar atunci c\u00e2nd <strong>revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/strong> este perturbat\u0103, ceea ce duce la:<a href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/scroll-merged.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11834 size-full alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/scroll-merged.webp\" alt=\"Revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103 SPLIT \u0219i FULL SPLIT 2\" width=\"500\" height=\"195\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/scroll-merged.webp 500w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/scroll-merged-300x117.webp 300w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/scroll-merged-18x7.webp 18w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/scroll-merged-450x176.webp 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uzur\u0103 accelerat\u0103 a compresorului<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">sc\u0103derea randamentului energetic<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">zgomote mecanice anormale<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">opriri de siguran\u021b\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mecanismul de transport al uleiului<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00cen sistemele moderne cu agen\u021bi frigorifici <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrofluoroolefin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HFC\/HFO<\/a>, uleiul este par\u021bial miscibil \u0219i este antrenat sub form\u0103 de cea\u021b\u0103 fin\u0103 \u00een circuit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fenomenul este influen\u021bat de:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">dizolvarea uleiului \u00een refrigerant<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">antrenarea sub form\u0103 de aerosoli<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">separarea \u00een zonele de presiune sc\u0103zut\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">La pornire, apar fenomene tranzitorii:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">sc\u0103dere brusc\u0103 de presiune \u00een carter<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">fierberea refrigerantului dizolvat<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">formarea emulsiei gaz-ulei<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">apari\u021bia fenomenului de \u201eoil foaming\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aceste efecte influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct <strong>revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sisteme SPLIT \u0219i FULL SPLIT<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Configura\u021bia instala\u021biei are impact major asupra circula\u021biei uleiului.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(SPLIT<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">compresor amplasat exterior<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">condensator interior<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">returul de ulei depinde de linia de refulare<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">FULL SPLIT<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">compresor interior<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">evaporator exterior<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">risc crescut de acumulare \u00een linia de aspira\u021bie<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00cen ambele cazuri, circula\u021bia corect\u0103 a uleiului depinde de echilibrul hidrodinamic al sistemului.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Viteza agentului frigorific<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Un factor critic pentru transportul uleiului este viteza gazului \u00een conducte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Valori orientative:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&lt; 2,5 m\/s \u2192 separare ulei, risc ridicat<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">~5 m\/s \u2192 prag minim pentru transport stabil<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8\u20139 m\/s \u2192 regim critic \u00een coloane verticale<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20 m\/s \u2192 pierderi de presiune \u0219i zgomot<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e2nd viteza scade sub pragul minim, <strong>revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/strong> devine instabil\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Influen\u021ba diferen\u021belor de nivel<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Traseele verticale influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct comportamentul uleiului \u00een sistem.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0394H &gt; 3 m \u2192 risc de acumulare progresiv\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0394H &gt; 7,5 m \u2192 \u00eentreruperea filmului de ulei<a href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-2.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11836\" src=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-2.webp\" alt=\"Revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103 SPLIT \u0219i FULL SPLIT 4\" width=\"355\" height=\"522\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-2.webp 194w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-2-8x12.webp 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">necesar: sifoane de ulei la intervale regulate<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">F\u0103r\u0103 aceste m\u0103suri, circula\u021bia corect\u0103 a uleiului nu poate fi garantat\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sifoane \u0219i elemente de control<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sifoanele sunt utilizate pentru a stabiliza fluxul \u00een coloanele verticale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Roluri principale:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">prevenirea acumul\u0103rii uleiului<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">men\u021binerea transportului controlat<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">reducerea riscului de blocaj hidraulic<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aceste elemente sunt esen\u021biale pentru men\u021binerea stabilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een <strong>revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Func\u021bionarea la sarcin\u0103 variabil\u0103<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00cen regim de sarcin\u0103 par\u021bial\u0103, debitul agentului frigorific scade, ceea ce reduce viteza \u00een conducte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">100% sarcin\u0103 \u2192 ~6 m\/s \u2714<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">50% sarcin\u0103 \u2192 ~3 m\/s \u2716<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00cen aceste condi\u021bii, transportul uleiului devine insuficient, iar o parte din ulei r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een evaporator sau \u00een conducte.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Probleme \u00een regim tranzitoriu<a href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-3.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11837\" src=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-3.webp\" alt=\"Revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103 SPLIT \u0219i FULL SPLIT 5\" width=\"254\" height=\"234\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-3.webp 150w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-3-13x12.webp 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Instabilit\u0103\u021bile apar frecvent la pornire \u0219i oprire:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">spumare \u00een carter<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">alimentare insuficient\u0103 a evaporatorului<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">opriri pe presiune joas\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">risc de \u0219oc mecanic la compresor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aceste fenomene sunt direct legate de circula\u021bia uleiului \u00een circuit.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11835\" src=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei.webp\" alt=\"Revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103 SPLIT \u0219i FULL SPLIT 3\" width=\"279\" height=\"286\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei.webp 314w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-293x300.webp 293w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/U-tip-returnare-ulei-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Recomand\u0103ri de proiectare (ALTAL GRUP)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pentru asigurarea unei func\u021bion\u0103ri stabile \u0219i a unei corecte <strong>reveniri a uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/strong>, se recomand\u0103:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">men\u021binerea vitezei \u2265 5 m\/s<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">pant\u0103 conducte \u2265 12 mm\/m<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">evitarea zonelor de stagnare<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">instalarea sifoanelor la 3\u20137,5 m<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">limitarea diferen\u021belor de nivel<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">optimizarea pornirilor frecvente<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Circula\u021bia corect\u0103 a uleiului \u00een instala\u021biile frigorifice este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru fiabilitatea sistemului. <strong>Revenirea uleiului \u00een pompele de c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/strong> depinde de proiectarea conductelor, de viteza agentului frigorific \u0219i de respectarea regulilor de instalare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">O proiectare corect\u0103 reduce riscul de defectare a compresorului \u0219i asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea stabil\u0103 pe termen lung.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 SPLIT \u0442\u0430 FULL SPLIT: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0454 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 SPLIT \u0442\u0430 FULL SPLIT. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0446\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0456\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441. \u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[403],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pompe-de-caldura-ghiduri-utile"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10954"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11843,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10954\/revisions\/11843"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}