{"id":7330,"date":"2025-07-19T16:14:46","date_gmt":"2025-07-19T13:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/altal.md\/?p=7330"},"modified":"2026-06-28T18:25:05","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T15:25:05","slug":"types-of-heat-pumps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of heat pumps | 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"127\" data-end=\"216\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#Tipuri_de_pompe_de_caldura\" >Types of heat pumps<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#Caracteristica_tehnico-economica_comparativa_a_trei_tipuri_de_pompe_de_caldura_aer-apa\" >Comparative technical and economic characteristics of three types of air-to-water heat pumps<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%94%B9_1_Monobloc_instalare_externa_toata_hidraulica_este_in_exterior\" >\ud83d\udd39 1. Monoblock (external installation, all hydraulics are outside)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Constructie\" >\u2699\ufe0f Construction:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9C%85_Avantaje\" >\u2705 Advantages:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9D%8C_Dezavantaje\" >\u274c Disadvantages:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%94%B8_Caldura_parazita\" >\ud83d\udd38 Parasitic heat:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Inverter_viteza_fixa\" >\u2699\ufe0f Inverter \/ fixed speed:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%92%A1_Concluzie\" >\ud83d\udca1 Conclusion:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%94%B8_2_Sistem_SPLIT_unitate_externa_traseu_frigorific_schimbator_de_caldura_interior\" >\ud83d\udd38 2. SPLIT system (external unit + refrigerant circuit + internal heat exchanger)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Constructie-2\" >\u2699\ufe0f Construction:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9C%85_Avantaje-2\" >\u2705 Advantages:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9D%8C_Dezavantaje-2\" >\u274c Disadvantages:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Inverter_viteza_fixa-2\" >\u2699\ufe0f Inverter \/ fixed speed:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%92%A1_Concluzie-2\" >\ud83d\udca1 Conclusion:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%94%B9_3_FULL_SPLIT_toate_componentele_in_interior_afara_doar_vaporizatorul_aer-freon\" >\ud83d\udd39 3. FULL SPLIT (all components inside, only the air-freon evaporator outside)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Constructie-3\" >\u2699\ufe0f Construction:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9C%85_Avantaje-3\" >\u2705 Advantages:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%94%B8_Caldura_parazita-2\" >\ud83d\udd38 Parasitic heat:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9D%8C_Dezavantaje-3\" >\u274c Disadvantages:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Inverter_viteza_fixa-3\" >\u2699\ufe0f Inverter \/ fixed speed:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%92%A1_Concluzie-3\" >\ud83d\udca1 Conclusion:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%94%B8_Optional_injectia_de_vapori_EVI\" >\ud83d\udd38 Optional: vapor injection (EVI)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#Compresor_EVI\" >EVI Compressor:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%E2%9D%8C_Dezavantaje-4\" >\u274c Disadvantages:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%93%8A_Concluzii_si_recomandari\" >\ud83d\udcca Conclusions and recommendations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%93%8A_Analiza_tehnico-economica_%E2%80%93_pompa_de_caldura_10_kW\" >\ud83d\udcca Technical and economic analysis \u2013 10 kW heat pump<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#Sisteme_analizate\" >Systems analyzed:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#Rezultate\" >Results:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%93%8C_Explicatia_graficelor\" >\ud83d\udccc Explanation of the graphs:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#Concluzii\" >Conclusions:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/tipuri-de-pompe-de-caldura\/#%F0%9F%93%8E_Anexa\" >\ud83d\udcce Annex:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 data-start=\"127\" data-end=\"216\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tipuri_de_pompe_de_caldura\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Types of heat pumps<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"127\" data-end=\"216\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Caracteristica_tehnico-economica_comparativa_a_trei_tipuri_de_pompe_de_caldura_aer-apa\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Comparative technical and economic characteristics of three types of air-to-water heat pumps<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"218\" data-end=\"408\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Below is a detailed technical and economic analysis of three types of air-to-water heat pumps: <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/aer-apa-fix\/\"><strong>monobloc<\/strong><\/a>, system <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/aer-apa-evi-split-dc\/\"><strong>SPLIT<\/strong><\/a> and <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/air-water-premium-dc-evi\/\"><strong>FULL SPLIT<\/strong><\/a>The correct choice of heat pump type has a great importance on the efficiency of the system in general (<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/efficiency-of-heat-pump\/\">COP<\/a>, consumption etc.) For each variant the following are analyzed separately:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"410\" data-end=\"648\">\n<li data-start=\"410\" data-end=\"453\">\n<p data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"453\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Advantages and disadvantages of construction;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"528\">\n<p data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"528\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Particularities of the fixed and variable speed compressor (inverter);<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"529\" data-end=\"581\">\n<p data-start=\"531\" data-end=\"581\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The influence of vapor injection (EVI) technology;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"648\">\n<p data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"648\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Heat losses and recommendations regarding thermal insulation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"653\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"655\" data-end=\"728\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%94%B9_1_Monobloc_instalare_externa_toata_hidraulica_este_in_exterior\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: #fce3b8; color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udd39 1. Monoblock (external installation, all hydraulics are outside)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"730\" data-end=\"750\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Constructie\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2699\ufe0f Construction:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"751\" data-end=\"1001\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All components \u2014 compressor, circulation pump, hydraulic circuit (water or antifreeze), control electronics \u2014 are located in a single outdoor block. Heat is transferred directly from the outdoor unit to the heating system.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1003\" data-end=\"1019\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9C%85_Avantaje\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2705 Advantages:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1211\">\n<li data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1088\">\n<p data-start=\"1022\" data-end=\"1088\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Simple installation, especially in small buildings without a technical room.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1089\" data-end=\"1126\">\n<p data-start=\"1091\" data-end=\"1126\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Compact design and minimal connections.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1127\" data-end=\"1211\">\n<p data-start=\"1129\" data-end=\"1211\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No refrigerant lines required \u2014 the hydraulic circuit is directly connected.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1232\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9D%8C_Dezavantaje\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u274c Disadvantages:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1755\">\n<li data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1307\">\n<p data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1307\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Antifreeze is required on the outside, otherwise there is a risk of freezing.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1460\">\n<p data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1460\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">If it is not desired to introduce antifreeze into the heating system, an intermediate heat exchanger or a coil tank is required.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1547\">\n<p data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1547\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The compressor and all electronics are in the cold \u2014 critical at temperatures below \u201310 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1650\">\n<p data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1650\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Requires electric crankcase and pan heaters \u2014 these consume energy even in standby.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1651\" data-end=\"1755\">\n<p data-start=\"1653\" data-end=\"1755\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Heat loss: parasitic heat generated by the compressor and other components is lost to the atmosphere.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1782\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%94%B8_Caldura_parazita\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udd38 Parasitic heat:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"1783\" data-end=\"1954\">\n<li data-start=\"1783\" data-end=\"1852\">\n<p data-start=\"1785\" data-end=\"1852\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fixed compressor: \u2248 15\u201318% of the energy consumed is dissipated as heat.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1853\" data-end=\"1954\">\n<p data-start=\"1855\" data-end=\"1954\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Inverter compressor: between 12 and 15%.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2192 This energy is completely lost in the case of the monoblock.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1956\" data-end=\"1987\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Inverter_viteza_fixa\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2699\ufe0f Inverter \/ fixed speed:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"1988\" data-end=\"2299\">\n<li data-start=\"1988\" data-end=\"2124\">\n<p data-start=\"1990\" data-end=\"2021\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fixed compressor: cheaper, but:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2024\" data-end=\"2124\">\n<li data-start=\"2024\" data-end=\"2064\">\n<p data-start=\"2026\" data-end=\"2064\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">operation through frequent starts\/stops;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2067\" data-end=\"2094\">\n<p data-start=\"2069\" data-end=\"2094\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">shorter lifespan;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2124\">\n<p data-start=\"2099\" data-end=\"2124\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">requires buffer tank.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2125\" data-end=\"2299\">\n<p data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"2136\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Inverter:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2139\" data-end=\"2299\">\n<li data-start=\"2139\" data-end=\"2187\">\n<p data-start=\"2141\" data-end=\"2187\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">soft start, high COP at partial loads;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2190\" data-end=\"2241\">\n<p data-start=\"2192\" data-end=\"2241\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">higher cost and complexity (possible defects);<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2244\" data-end=\"2299\">\n<p data-start=\"2246\" data-end=\"2299\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">includes: frequency converter, EMI filters, sensors.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"2301\" data-end=\"2319\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%92%A1_Concluzie\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udca1 Conclusion:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2320\" data-end=\"2469\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">These types of heat pumps are a suitable solution for simple applications, summer swimming pools, economical systems, in areas with mild winters. Frost protection is essential. Low efficiency in the cold season. It is important which types of heat pumps are chosen specifically for one object or another if the choice is a Monobloc PDC.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2471\" data-end=\"2474\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2476\" data-end=\"2569\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%94%B8_2_Sistem_SPLIT_unitate_externa_traseu_frigorific_schimbator_de_caldura_interior\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: #fce3b8; color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udd38 2. SPLIT system (external unit + refrigerant circuit + internal heat exchanger)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"2571\" data-end=\"2591\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Constructie-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2699\ufe0f Construction:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"2592\" data-end=\"2821\">\n<li data-start=\"2592\" data-end=\"2660\">\n<p data-start=\"2594\" data-end=\"2660\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The compressor, fans and condenser are located outside.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2661\" data-end=\"2749\">\n<p data-start=\"2663\" data-end=\"2749\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The plate heat exchanger (condenser) is installed inside the building.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2750\" data-end=\"2821\">\n<p data-start=\"2752\" data-end=\"2821\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A refrigeration line (up to 10\u201320 m) is installed between the two.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"2823\" data-end=\"2839\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9C%85_Avantaje-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2705 Advantages:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"3082\">\n<li data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"2929\">\n<p data-start=\"2842\" data-end=\"2929\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All hydraulics are inside \u2014 there is no risk of freezing and no need for antifreeze.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2930\" data-end=\"3021\">\n<p data-start=\"2932\" data-end=\"3021\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Superior energy efficiency than monoblock, thanks to internal heat exchange.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3022\" data-end=\"3082\">\n<p data-start=\"3024\" data-end=\"3082\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There is no need for buffer tanks or intermediate coils.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"3084\" data-end=\"3103\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9D%8C_Dezavantaje-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u274c Disadvantages:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"3104\" data-end=\"3470\">\n<li data-start=\"3104\" data-end=\"3240\">\n<p data-start=\"3106\" data-end=\"3240\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Insulation of the refrigeration circuit is critical: the freon after the compressor reaches 70\u201390 \u00b0C \u2014 losses and overheating of the walls can occur.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3241\" data-end=\"3331\">\n<p data-start=\"3243\" data-end=\"3331\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">More complex route assembly: strict requirements regarding length, inclination and welding.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3332\" data-end=\"3414\">\n<p data-start=\"3334\" data-end=\"3414\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As with the monoblock \u2014 crankcase and drainage heating is required.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3415\" data-end=\"3470\">\n<p data-start=\"3417\" data-end=\"3470\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Risk of freon leaks, need for refilling.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"3472\" data-end=\"3503\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Inverter_viteza_fixa-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2699\ufe0f Inverter \/ fixed speed:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"3504\" data-end=\"3689\">\n<li data-start=\"3504\" data-end=\"3554\">\n<p data-start=\"3506\" data-end=\"3554\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Same advantages and disadvantages as the monoblock.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3555\" data-end=\"3659\">\n<p data-start=\"3557\" data-end=\"3659\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The length of the path influences the correct operation of the inverter (resonances, pressure variations).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3660\" data-end=\"3689\">\n<p data-start=\"3662\" data-end=\"3689\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">More difficult diagnosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"3691\" data-end=\"3709\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%92%A1_Concluzie-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udca1 Conclusion:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3710\" data-end=\"3854\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Types of SPLIT heat pumps are ideal for homes with a technical room and the possibility of installing a refrigeration circuit. They require careful installation and appropriate thermal insulation.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3856\" data-end=\"3859\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3861\" data-end=\"3950\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%94%B9_3_FULL_SPLIT_toate_componentele_in_interior_afara_doar_vaporizatorul_aer-freon\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: #fce3b8; color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udd39 3. FULL SPLIT (all components inside, only the air-freon evaporator outside)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"3952\" data-end=\"3972\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Constructie-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2699\ufe0f Construction:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3973\" data-end=\"4203\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All the main components \u2014 the compressor, valves, electronics, heat exchanger \u2014 are located inside. Only the evaporator with fans remains outside. The freon is transported to the outside via the refrigerant line.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4221\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9C%85_Avantaje-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2705 Advantages:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"4222\" data-end=\"4434\">\n<li data-start=\"4222\" data-end=\"4332\">\n<p data-start=\"4224\" data-end=\"4332\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Components are protected from the cold \u2014 the compressor, electronics and valves operate at optimal temperature.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4333\" data-end=\"4434\">\n<p data-start=\"4335\" data-end=\"4434\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The parasitic heat generated (compressor, inverter, etc.) remains inside and contributes to heating.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"4436\" data-end=\"4461\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%94%B8_Caldura_parazita-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udd38 Parasitic heat:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"4462\" data-end=\"4767\">\n<li data-start=\"4462\" data-end=\"4502\">\n<p data-start=\"4464\" data-end=\"4502\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Inverter: \u2248 12\u201315% remains inside.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4503\" data-end=\"4564\">\n<p data-start=\"4505\" data-end=\"4564\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fixed compressor: up to 20\u201327% (depending on configuration).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4565\" data-end=\"4643\">\n<p data-start=\"4567\" data-end=\"4643\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No crankcase heating is required \u2014 ambient heat is sufficient.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4644\" data-end=\"4673\">\n<p data-start=\"4646\" data-end=\"4673\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No need for antifreeze.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4674\" data-end=\"4767\">\n<p data-start=\"4676\" data-end=\"4767\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Minimal risk of breakdowns in winter \u2014 the crankcase does not require preheating or in minimal quantities.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"4769\" data-end=\"4788\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9D%8C_Dezavantaje-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u274c Disadvantages:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"4789\" data-end=\"4974\">\n<li data-start=\"4789\" data-end=\"4858\">\n<p data-start=\"4791\" data-end=\"4858\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">More complex control system, especially for long routes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4859\" data-end=\"4954\">\n<p data-start=\"4861\" data-end=\"4954\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It must be sized correctly for temperature differences (risk of loss of efficiency).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4955\" data-end=\"4974\">\n<p data-start=\"4957\" data-end=\"4974\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Higher cost.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"4976\" data-end=\"5007\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9A%99%EF%B8%8F_Inverter_viteza_fixa-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2699\ufe0f Inverter \/ fixed speed:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"5008\" data-end=\"5153\">\n<li data-start=\"5008\" data-end=\"5107\">\n<p data-start=\"5010\" data-end=\"5107\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The inverter is very efficient: the outdoor unit operates optimally, low starting current.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5108\" data-end=\"5153\">\n<p data-start=\"5110\" data-end=\"5153\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fewer cycles \u2014 increased durability.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"5155\" data-end=\"5173\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%92%A1_Concluzie-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udca1 Conclusion:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"5174\" data-end=\"5389\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Types of heat pumps <strong>FULL SPLIT<\/strong> They are the most efficient air-to-water technology and can be recommended for energy-efficient buildings, where stability, economy and avoidance of frost risks are important. It is the best option if the indoor unit can be installed in a heated space.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5391\" data-end=\"5394\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"5396\" data-end=\"5437\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%94%B8_Optional_injectia_de_vapori_EVI\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: #fce3b8; color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udd38 Optional: vapor injection (EVI)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"5438\" data-end=\"5457\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Compresor_EVI\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">EVI Compressor:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"5458\" data-end=\"5696\">\n<li data-start=\"5458\" data-end=\"5550\">\n<p data-start=\"5460\" data-end=\"5550\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Provides two-stage compression \u2014 increased efficiency at low temperatures (\u201315\u2026\u201325 \u00b0C).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5551\" data-end=\"5574\">\n<p data-start=\"5553\" data-end=\"5574\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Useful in cold regions.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5575\" data-end=\"5643\">\n<p data-start=\"5577\" data-end=\"5643\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">More expensive and more complex (injection, additional exchanger, valves).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5644\" data-end=\"5696\">\n<p data-start=\"5646\" data-end=\"5696\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Increases COP by 10\u201330% in heating mode in frost.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"5698\" data-end=\"5717\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9D%8C_Dezavantaje-4\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u274c Disadvantages:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"5718\" data-end=\"5812\">\n<li data-start=\"5718\" data-end=\"5754\">\n<p data-start=\"5720\" data-end=\"5754\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Requires specialized maintenance.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5755\" data-end=\"5784\">\n<p data-start=\"5757\" data-end=\"5784\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">More difficult diagnosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5785\" data-end=\"5812\">\n<p data-start=\"5787\" data-end=\"5812\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Useless in mild climates.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"5814\" data-end=\"5817\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"5819\" data-end=\"5849\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%93%8A_Concluzii_si_recomandari\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udcca Conclusions and recommendations<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_80l1q_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_80l1q_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" style=\"width: 55.9044%;\" border=\"1\" data-start=\"5851\" data-end=\"6622\">\n<thead data-start=\"5851\" data-end=\"5928\">\n<tr data-start=\"5851\" data-end=\"5928\">\n<th style=\"width: 26.2312%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"5851\" data-end=\"5883\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Parameter<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 19.4857%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"5883\" data-end=\"5894\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monobloc<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 17.5632%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"5894\" data-end=\"5910\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SPLIT<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 16.808%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"5910\" data-end=\"5928\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">FULL SPLIT<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"6006\" data-end=\"6622\">\n<tr data-start=\"6006\" data-end=\"6082\">\n<td style=\"width: 26.2312%; text-align: left;\" data-start=\"6006\" data-end=\"6037\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Winter reliability<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4857%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6037\" data-end=\"6048\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Low<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5632%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6048\" data-end=\"6064\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Average<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.808%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6064\" data-end=\"6082\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">high<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6083\" data-end=\"6159\">\n<td style=\"width: 26.2312%; text-align: left;\" data-start=\"6083\" data-end=\"6114\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Simplicity of assembly<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4857%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6114\" data-end=\"6125\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">high<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5632%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6125\" data-end=\"6141\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Average<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.808%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6141\" data-end=\"6159\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Low<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6236\">\n<td style=\"width: 26.2312%; text-align: left;\" data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6191\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Installation cost<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4857%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6191\" data-end=\"6202\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reduced<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5632%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6202\" data-end=\"6218\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">environment<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.808%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6218\" data-end=\"6236\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">High<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6237\" data-end=\"6313\">\n<td style=\"width: 26.2312%; text-align: left;\" data-start=\"6237\" data-end=\"6268\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Energy efficiency<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4857%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6268\" data-end=\"6279\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Low<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5632%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6279\" data-end=\"6295\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Average<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.808%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6295\" data-end=\"6313\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">high<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6314\" data-end=\"6390\">\n<td style=\"width: 26.2312%; text-align: left;\" data-start=\"6314\" data-end=\"6345\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Risk of frost<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4857%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6345\" data-end=\"6356\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">High<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5632%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6356\" data-end=\"6372\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">environment<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.808%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6372\" data-end=\"6390\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Non-existent<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6391\" data-end=\"6468\">\n<td style=\"width: 26.2312%; text-align: left;\" data-start=\"6391\" data-end=\"6422\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Parasitic heat losses<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4857%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6422\" data-end=\"6435\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">100% outside<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5632%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6435\" data-end=\"6450\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Partial<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.808%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6450\" data-end=\"6468\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Minimum<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6469\" data-end=\"6545\">\n<td style=\"width: 26.2312%; text-align: left;\" data-start=\"6469\" data-end=\"6500\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Automation complexity<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4857%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6500\" data-end=\"6511\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">low<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5632%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6511\" data-end=\"6527\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Average<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.808%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6527\" data-end=\"6545\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">high<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6546\" data-end=\"6622\">\n<td style=\"width: 26.2312%; text-align: left;\" data-start=\"6546\" data-end=\"6577\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Compatible with EVI<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4857%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6577\" data-end=\"6588\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">And<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5632%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6588\" data-end=\"6604\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">And<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.808%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6604\" data-end=\"6622\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">And<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"7227\" data-end=\"7230\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"7232\" data-end=\"7288\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%93%8A_Analiza_tehnico-economica_%E2%80%93_pompa_de_caldura_10_kW\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udcca Technical and economic analysis \u2013 10 kW heat pump<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"7290\" data-end=\"7421\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"7290\" data-end=\"7312\">Purpose of the report:<\/strong> evaluating the performance of a 10 kW heat pump under different outdoor conditions and flow temperatures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7423\" data-end=\"7447\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"7423\" data-end=\"7447\">Parameters analyzed:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7448\" data-end=\"7565\">\n<li data-start=\"7448\" data-end=\"7482\">\n<p data-start=\"7450\" data-end=\"7482\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">COP (coefficient of performance);<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7483\" data-end=\"7512\">\n<p data-start=\"7485\" data-end=\"7512\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Electrical power consumed;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7513\" data-end=\"7565\">\n<p data-start=\"7515\" data-end=\"7565\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thermal losses (auxiliary consumption, losses, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"7567\" data-end=\"7694\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"7567\" data-end=\"7583\">Methodologies:<\/strong> The COP varies depending on the outdoor temperature and the flow temperature. The thermal load is constant: 10 kW.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7696\" data-end=\"7795\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"7696\" data-end=\"7733\">Analyzed outdoor temperatures:<\/strong> +5, 0, \u201315, \u201325 \u00b0C<\/span><br data-start=\"7752\" data-end=\"7755\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"7755\" data-end=\"7778\">Temperature of the tower:<\/strong> +35, +45, +55 \u00b0C<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"7797\" data-end=\"7819\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sisteme_analizate\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Systems analyzed:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"7820\" data-end=\"7938\">\n<li data-start=\"7820\" data-end=\"7862\">\n<p data-start=\"7822\" data-end=\"7862\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Geothermal heat pump (stable COP)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7863\" data-end=\"7881\">\n<p data-start=\"7865\" data-end=\"7881\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Standard air-water<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7882\" data-end=\"7900\">\n<p data-start=\"7884\" data-end=\"7900\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Air-water inverter<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7901\" data-end=\"7938\">\n<p data-start=\"7903\" data-end=\"7938\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Air-water with EVI (vapor injection)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"7940\" data-end=\"7954\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rezultate\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Results:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_80l1q_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_80l1q_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" style=\"width: 57.0973%;\" border=\"1\" data-start=\"7956\" data-end=\"8714\">\n<thead data-start=\"7956\" data-end=\"8049\">\n<tr data-start=\"7956\" data-end=\"8049\">\n<th style=\"width: 15.7202%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"7956\" data-end=\"7974\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Temp. ext. (\u00b0C)<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 10.6792%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"7974\" data-end=\"7990\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tip<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 9.46903%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"7990\" data-end=\"8001\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Trip (\u00b0C)<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 7.01627%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"8001\" data-end=\"8008\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">COP<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 20.8255%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"8008\" data-end=\"8032\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Power consumption (kW)<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 14.32%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"8032\" data-end=\"8049\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Losses (kW)<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"8145\" data-end=\"8714\">\n<tr data-start=\"8145\" data-end=\"8239\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.7202%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"8145\" data-end=\"8163\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">+5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.6792%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8163\" data-end=\"8179\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">air-water<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.46903%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8179\" data-end=\"8190\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">+35<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.01627%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8190\" data-end=\"8197\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3.9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.8255%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8197\" data-end=\"8222\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.56<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.32%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8222\" data-end=\"8239\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8240\" data-end=\"8334\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.7202%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"8240\" data-end=\"8258\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">+5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.6792%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8258\" data-end=\"8274\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ground-water<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.46903%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8274\" data-end=\"8285\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">+35<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.01627%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8285\" data-end=\"8292\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4.2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.8255%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8292\" data-end=\"8317\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.38<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.32%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8317\" data-end=\"8334\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8335\" data-end=\"8429\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.7202%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"8335\" data-end=\"8353\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">+5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.6792%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8353\" data-end=\"8369\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">hybrid<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.46903%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8369\" data-end=\"8380\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">+35<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.01627%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8380\" data-end=\"8387\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4.1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.8255%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8387\" data-end=\"8412\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.44<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.32%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8412\" data-end=\"8429\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8430\" data-end=\"8524\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.7202%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"8430\" data-end=\"8448\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.6792%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8448\" data-end=\"8464\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">air-water<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.46903%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8464\" data-end=\"8475\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">+45<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.01627%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8475\" data-end=\"8482\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.8255%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8482\" data-end=\"8507\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3.70<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.32%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8507\" data-end=\"8524\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8525\" data-end=\"8619\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.7202%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"8525\" data-end=\"8543\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201315<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.6792%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8543\" data-end=\"8559\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">air-water<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.46903%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8559\" data-end=\"8570\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">+55<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.01627%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8570\" data-end=\"8577\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.8255%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8577\" data-end=\"8602\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6.67<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.32%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8602\" data-end=\"8619\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8620\" data-end=\"8714\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.7202%; text-align: center;\" data-start=\"8620\" data-end=\"8638\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201325<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.6792%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8638\" data-end=\"8654\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ground-water<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.46903%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8654\" data-end=\"8665\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">+45<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.01627%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8665\" data-end=\"8672\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.8255%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8672\" data-end=\"8697\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3.57<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.32%; text-align: center;\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"8697\" data-end=\"8714\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatCOP.webp\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7331 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatCOP.webp\" alt=\"COP graphic image\" width=\"736\" height=\"476\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatCOP.webp 736w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatCOP-450x291.webp 450w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatCOP-300x194.webp 300w, https:\/\/altal.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatCOP-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"6624\" data-end=\"6627\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"6629\" data-end=\"6658\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%93%8C_Explicatia_graficelor\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udccc Explanation of the graphs:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"6660\" data-end=\"7225\">\n<li data-start=\"6660\" data-end=\"6902\">\n<p data-start=\"6663\" data-end=\"6902\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"6663\" data-end=\"6698\">COP (Coefficient of Performance)<\/strong><\/span><br data-start=\"6698\" data-end=\"6701\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/air-water-premium-dc-evi\/\">FULL SPLIT<\/a> has the highest constant <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coefficient_of_performance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COP<\/a> due to the placement of components inside.<\/span><br data-start=\"6791\" data-end=\"6794\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SPLIT has average efficiency.<\/span><br data-start=\"6823\" data-end=\"6826\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monoblock \u2014 the weakest, due to losses and outdoor location.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6904\" data-end=\"7090\">\n<p data-start=\"6907\" data-end=\"7020\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"6907\" data-end=\"6933\">Energy consumption (kW)<\/strong><\/span><br data-start=\"6933\" data-end=\"6936\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The lower the COP, the higher the consumption.<\/span><br data-start=\"6988\" data-end=\"6991\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At \u201325 \u00b0C and flow +55 \u00b0C:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7024\" data-end=\"7090\">\n<li data-start=\"7024\" data-end=\"7065\">\n<p data-start=\"7026\" data-end=\"7065\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monobloc: ~5.9 kW for 10 kW thermal<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7069\" data-end=\"7090\">\n<p data-start=\"7071\" data-end=\"7090\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Full Split : ~4 kW<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7092\" data-end=\"7225\">\n<p data-start=\"7095\" data-end=\"7134\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"7095\" data-end=\"7132\">Parasitic heat losses (kW)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7138\" data-end=\"7225\">\n<li data-start=\"7138\" data-end=\"7164\">\n<p data-start=\"7140\" data-end=\"7164\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monoblock: up to 1 kW<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7168\" data-end=\"7190\">\n<p data-start=\"7170\" data-end=\"7190\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SPLIT: ~0.6\u20130.8 kW<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7194\" data-end=\"7225\">\n<p data-start=\"7196\" data-end=\"7225\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Full Split : only 0.1\u20130.2 kW<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"8716\" data-end=\"8719\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"8721\" data-end=\"8735\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concluzii\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Conclusions:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"8736\" data-end=\"9039\">\n<li data-start=\"8736\" data-end=\"8824\">\n<p data-start=\"8738\" data-end=\"8824\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Geothermal pumps (Types of ground-to-water, water-to-water heat pumps) offer the best <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coefficient_of_performance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COP<\/a> constant, regardless of the outside temperature.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8825\" data-end=\"8896\">\n<p data-start=\"8827\" data-end=\"8896\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The COP drops drastically for air-to-water systems (Monobloc heat pump types) at low temperatures.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8897\" data-end=\"8969\">\n<p data-start=\"8899\" data-end=\"8969\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Inverter and EVI compressors increase efficiency at negative temperatures.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8970\" data-end=\"9039\">\n<p data-start=\"8972\" data-end=\"9039\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The tour below or equal to +35 \u00b0C is significantly more efficient than +55 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"9041\" data-end=\"9044\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"9046\" data-end=\"9059\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%93%8E_Anexa\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udcce Annex:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"9060\" data-end=\"9135\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Detailed calculation tables, graphs and Excel file are provided separately.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Types of heat pumps Comparative technical and economic characteristics of three types of air-to-water heat pumps Below is a detailed technical and economic analysis of three types of air-to-water heat pumps: monobloc, SPLIT system and FULL SPLIT. The correct choice of the type of heat pump has a great importance on the efficiency of the system in general (COP,\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[408,403,405],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economii-de-energie-si-eficienta","category-pompe-de-caldura-ghiduri-utile","category-tehnologie-si-inovatii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7330"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11828,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7330\/revisions\/11828"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altal.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}